With image stabilization systems, the top of the line cameras has a 5-axis movement correction. • Axis 1 - Up and down with the camera moving in a vertical manner. • Axis 2 - Side to side with the camera moving in a horizontal manner. • Axis 3 - Camera vertical rotation. • Axis 4 is Yaw, which is a rotation in a circular motion from side to side. • Axis 5 is Pitch, which is a rotational or circular movement an example is rotating so the horizon is not level.
A high-resolution mode that uses the stabilizer's suspension deliberately: between frames the sensor is moved by half a pixel or a whole pixel, and the shots are combined into one image with truer color and more detail than any single frame. The movements are microscopic, and larger sensors do it best.
The rule of thumb for handholding: keep the shutter speed at least as fast as one over the focal length. A 125 mm lens wants 1/125th of a second or faster; a 500 mm lens wants 1/500th. It is only an average. Steady hands cheat it by two or three stops, unsteady ones cannot reach it, and in-body stabilization rewrites it altogether.