Fujifilm's alternative to the Bayer array. It keeps the green majority but lays the filters out in a larger, less regular pattern, and the irregularity is the point: with no strict grid for the subject's own patterns to drum against, fine weaves and textures cause far less moiré.
The mosaic of microscopic color filters laid over the sensor. The light-sensitive diodes are themselves colorblind, so each is given a red, green, or blue filter: one row alternates blue and green, the next green and red, giving the array twice as many green pixels as red or blue. The camera reconstructs full color from the mosaic by demosaicing.
Shimmering false patterns and colors that appear when a fine, regular pattern in the subject interferes with the regular grid of the sensor. It is a form of random noise: it depends on the subject, so the camera cannot map it out in advance.